IR SENSOR

Here, we are going to make an IR sensor.

An IR sensor made up by pair of IR led's.

Concept :- 

               There are two types of infra red led's are present. One is Emitter and Other is Receiver. Emitter Ir emit infra red waves up to a short range(less than 1 meter) and these IR waves are reflected back from any object and Receiver IR led Receive the wave signal and gives the output in Analog form.

After getting output from IR module it is fed to the A to D converter which converts the Analog signal into Digital signal for further processing.


List of components :- 

•            330 ohm resistance - 2
•            10k ohm resistance - 1
• 10k ohm variable resistor - 1
•                               Red led -1
•                         IR led pair -1
•                         5v battery - 1
•                       LM358 IC - 1
•            Male connectors
•          Connecting wires 

                                          

Circuit of IR module :-

negative pin of receiver is as output

A to D converter :-

                               An A to D converter is an Analog to digital converter which converts the analog signal into digital signal. We use operational amplifier for this purpose. An OP-AMP compare the analog input from reference voltage and gives the output in form of 1 or 0.

                                                  We use LM358 IC for A to D converter. This IC have 2 OP-AMP. For the reference voltage we use 10k ohm variable resistor.  You can use any OP-AMP IC like - LM324, 741, LM339.

Circuit of A to D converter :-

give 4th pin as GND and 8th pin as VCC

Complete circuit of IR module :-

variable resistor is of 10k ohm and give 4th pin of ic as GND and 8th pin of IC as VCC

PCB layout of complete IR module :-

DOWNLOAD THIS IMAGE AS IT IS AND PRINT YOUR PCB

THIS IS THE UPPER VIEW OF PCB, FROM THIS YOU CAN MOUNT THE COMPONENTS ON THE PCB  m2 and m1 are the male connectors

Images :-

bottom view

                   

top view

AFTER THESE STEPS YOUR IR SENSOR IS READY TO RUN. IF THE INDICATOR LED IS GLOWING DUE TO AN OBJECT NEARBY THE SENSOR THEN YOUR SENSOR IS RUNNING PERFECTLY.

NOTE :- If you want the long range ir sensor then you can use the monostable mode of 555 timer IC at the input of emitter ir led. Ciruit of that module will be updated soon.

Note :- We use the blue and white pair of ir led. Blue is emitter and white is transmitter. You can cover the emitter led by any black cover from the sides(not from the front).

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                                                            GOOD LUCK